Measuring the Economic Costs of Internal Armed Conflict – A Review of Empirical Estimates
نویسنده
چکیده
1. Why measure costs of conflicts? .................................................................................. 2 2. Selection of studies ................................................................................................... 3 3. Typology of costs ..................................................................................................... 3 4. Accounting methods.................................................................................................. 4 4.1 Direct costs................................................................................................... 4 4.2 Indirect costs ................................................................................................. 4 5. Modelling methods.................................................................................................... 6 5.1 Extrapolation ................................................................................................ 6 5.2 Economic models........................................................................................... 6 Military expenditure ‘ investment ‘ growth................................................. 7 Models from regression .............................................................................. 7 Constructing synthetic regions..................................................................... 7 6. Empirical estimates................................................................................................... 8 6.1 Studies of one country .................................................................................... 8 6.2 Studies of several countries.............................................................................. 8 6.3 Overview...................................................................................................... 9 7. Comparing the results.............................................................................................. 10 8. Conclusions........................................................................................................... 12 References .............................................................................................................. 13
منابع مشابه
The Economic Costs of Civil Wars*
This article assess empirical studies of the economic costs of internal armed conflicts. The reviewed works are divided into accounting and modelling methods. Cost is seen as the difference between the counterfactual production without conflict and the actual production. The average economic cost of internal armed conflict is a 3.7% yearly reduction of GDP. There are large differences between t...
متن کاملTrade and Thy Neighbor’s War
This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper examines the spatial dispersion effects of regiona...
متن کاملMethods for Measuring Aggregate Costs of Conflict
This paper reviews the methods for measuring the economic cost of conflict. Estimating the economic costs of conflict requires a counterfactual calculation, which makes this a very difficult task. Social researchers have resorted to different estimation methods depending on the particular effect in question. The method used in each case depends on the units being analyzed (firms, sectors, regio...
متن کاملThe Relationship between Efficiency of Healthcare Costs and Economic Growth: Empirical Validation from Mediterranean Countries
The increase of healthcare costs improved as a rule the health of the population. Sometimes the positive effects of this expense are shaded off. On one hand, this expense improves the offer of the medical care. Other influential factors on the health of population, we quote as example the training, the lifestyle, the hygiene and the distribution of income. On the other hand the increase of thes...
متن کاملEnvironmental Security: Regional Cooperation, Development and Armed Conflict in the Persian Gulf
This article presents the key insights about the environment and security links in the context of the Persian Gulf region. This research paper focuses on the challenge of finding a balance among development, armed conflicts and environmental degradation in the Persian Gulf region. Environmental security challenges are human security, sustainable development and regional cooperation in the Persi...
متن کامل